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1.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 54(9): 813-818, dez. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-578362

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO E MÉTODOS: Estudos prévios apontaram Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, como área de carência limítrofe de iodo e, posteriormente, de iodação excessiva. Reavaliando seu estado iódico em 2007-2008, foram analisados 300 escolares entre 8 e 10 anos de idade, procedentes de três escolas de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos e realizadas dosagens de iodo urinário e da concentração de iodo no sal doméstico e ultrassonografia tireoidiana. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: A iodúria foi superior na escola com maior nível socioeconômico, comparada às outras, e a diferença foi significante aos 8 e 10 anos para os meninos (p < 0,0001 e p = 0,0106, respectivamente) e aos 8 e 9 anos para as meninas (p = 0,0024 e p = 0,0154, respectivamente). As concentrações medianas de iodo em amostras de sal doméstico variaram entre 26,6 e 27,8 mg iodo/kg e não foram diferentes nas escolas estudadas. À ultrassonografia, 15,6 por cento das tireoides examinadas apresentaram-se hipoecoicas, sugerindo que elas possam apresentar mudanças em sua arquitetura sem ainda alterar seus volumes.


OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: Previous studies have pointed out that Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, is an area of borderline iodine deficiency, later becoming a region of excessive iodination. In a reevaluation of the iodine status of the city in 2007-2008, 300 schoolchildren aged 8 to 10 years were evaluated, from 3 schools of 3 different socioeconomic levels who were submitted to the determination of iodine concentration in urine samples and in kitchen salt and thyroid ultrasound. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among boys and girls ioduria was higher in the school of highest socioeconomic level compared to the others, with a significant difference in the ages 8 and 10 years for boys with ranges : p < 0,0001 and p = 0,0106, respectively; and in the ages 8 and 9 years for girls with ranges: p = 0,0024 and p = 0,0154, respectively. Median iodine concentrations in samples of kitchen salt ranged from 26.6 to 27.8 mg iodine/kg and did not differ between the schools studied. Ultrasound evaluation revealed that 15,6 percent of thyroids examined were hypoechoic, suggesting that these glands may present changes in the architecture not reflected yet in their volume.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Iodine/urine , Sodium Chloride/chemistry , Students/statistics & numerical data , Thyroid Gland , Age Distribution , Analysis of Variance , Anthropometry , Brazil , Sex Distribution , Socioeconomic Factors
2.
Clinics ; 64(2): 135-142, 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-505375

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in elderly cardiac patients in an outpatient setting. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 399 consecutive patients (268 women, age range 60-92 years) who were followed at Heart Institute were evaluated for thyroid dysfunction with serum free T4, TSH, anti-Peroxidase antibodies, urinary iodine excretion measurements and thyroid ultrasound. RESULTS: Hyperthyroidism (overt and subclinical) was present in 29 patients (6.5 percent), whereas hypothyroidism (overt and subclinical) was found in 32 individuals (8.1 percent). Cysts were detected in 11 patients (2.8 percent), single nodules were detected in 102 (25.6 percent), and multinodular goiters were detected in 34 (8.5 percent). Hashimoto's thyroiditis was present in 16.8 percent patients, most of whom were women (83.6 percent). The serum TSH increased with age and was significantly higher (p= <0.01) in patients, compared to the normal control group. No significant differences in serum TSH and free T4 values were observed when patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) where compared with those without arrhythmia. The median urinary iodine levels were 210 µg/L (40-856 µg/L), and iodine levels were higher in men than in women (p<0.01). Excessive iodine intake (urinary iodine >300 µg/L) was observed in one-third of patients (30.8 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients have a higher prevalence of both hypo- and hyperthyroidism as well as thyroid nodules when compared with the general population. About one-third of the older patients had elevated urinary secretion of iodine and a higher prevalence of chronic Hashimoto's thyroiditis. It is recommended that ultrasonographic studies, tests for thyroid function and autoimmunity should be evaluated in elderly patients.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Hyperthyroidism/epidemiology , Hypothyroidism/epidemiology , Iodine/administration & dosage , Urban Population , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cities/epidemiology , Hyperthyroidism , Hypothyroidism , Iodine/urine , Prevalence , Thyroid Function Tests , Thyrotropin/blood
3.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 48(6): 842-848, dez. 2004. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-393743

ABSTRACT

A iodação do sal é eficiente no combate às doenças decorrentes da deficiência de iodo, sendo empregada em todo território nacional desde 1995. O Estado de São Paulo é considerado uma área ioda-suficiente. Para avaliar a ingesta de iodo, foram selecionados aleatoriamente 844 escolares entre 6 e 14 anos, de seis regiões do Estado. Foram avaliados, sob o ponto de vista ecográfico da tireóide, 423 meninos e 421 meninas. Os volumes da glândula tireóide elevaram-se progressivamente com a idade, guardando correlação positiva e significativa com a superfície corporal. Cerca de 1,6 por cento dos escolares apresentava bócio. Nódulos, cistos, hemiagenesia foram detectados em 1,4 por cento dos examinados. Notamos excessiva excreção urinária de iodo nesta população, cerca de 53 por cento eliminou acima de 300µg Iodo/L e valores acima de 600µgI/L foram encontrados em 21 por cento dos escolares. As amostras de sal doméstico apresentavam valores entre 28,1 e 63,3mg Iodo/kg de sal. Concluímos que a população escolar do Estado de São Paulo apresenta excessiva ingestão diária de iodo, a qual, extrapolada para a população em geral, pode induzir várias alterações da função tireóidea, como hipertiroidismo subclínico (em idosos) e tireoidite crônica autoimune na população adulta, em geral.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Iodine/urine , Thyroid Gland , Brazil , Iodine/analysis , Sodium Chloride, Dietary , Sodium Chloride/chemistry
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